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Thymalin 20mg

Thymalin 20mg

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Thymalin is a synthetic version of Thymulin, which is involved in regulating inflammation and pain. Research shows that Thymalin may be effective in boosting immune function, fighting heart disease, and regulating sleep-wake cycles. It is also of interest in aging research for its ability to reduce all-cause mortality in mouse models and prolong lifespan.

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Product Usage: This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabled as a drug, food or cosmetic.

What Is Thymalin?

Thymalin is the synthetic version of thymulin, which was isolated from the thymus in 1977. Thymalin has been shown to play a role in regulating inflammation and pain, has neuroprotective effects, and is important in immune function. Early research revealed that thymalin and other extracts of the thymus and pineal gland can prolong life.

Thymalin Structure

Thymalin Structure

Source: PubChem

Sequence: Pyr-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn
Molecular Formula: C33H54N12O15
Molecular Weight: 858.864 g/mol
PubChem CID: 3085284
CAS Number: 63958-90-7
Synonyms: Thymulin, Thymic Factor, Nonathymuli, Facteur Thymique Serique, Serum Thymic Factor

Thymalin Research

Thymalin Research and Life Extension

Research in Russia at the turn of the 21st century revealed that thyamlin has a normalizing effect on a number of baseline physiologic functions in elderly adults. Older adults in the study experienced improvements in cardiovascular, immune, and nervous system function. They also showed improved metabolism as well as a trend toward homeostasis typical of a much younger person. Overall, the study revealed major decreases in acute respiratory disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, ischemic heart disease, and symptoms of arthritis. There was a 2-fold reduction in the mortality rate in the population taking thymalin over the course of the trial[1].

Thyamlin appears to by synergistic with certain other thymic and pineal gland isolates, decreasing mortality rate by as much as 4-fold when combined with epithalmin[2]. This is not surprising given that both the thymus and pineal gland have been linked to one another in the aging process. In fact, the pineal gland, when functioning optimally, protects the thymus from the degenerative effects of age[3].

Subjective changes in symptoms of patients before and after thymalin and epithalamin (Epithalon) administration

Subjective changes in symptoms of patients before and after thymalin and epithalamin (Epithalon) administration
Source: Semantic Scholar

Thymalin Research and Immune System Function

A great deal of research into the effects of thymalin on the immune system has revealed that the peptide primarily alters cellular immunity, changing levels of lymphocyte subpopulations, affecting T-cell differentiation, and altering natural killer (NK) cell activity[4], [5]. This is important as a number of chronic medical conditions, such as diabetes, lead to imbalances in cellular immunity that slowly evolve into serious immunosuppression with resultant increased susceptibility to everything from infection to cancer.

In patients with diabetic retinopathy, administration of thymalin leads to immune correction and a proliferation of T-lymphocytes, which in turn leads to decreased inflammation and slower progression of t he disease[6]. This same benefit may apply in the chronic immunodeficiency/immune dysregulation of HIV. The combination of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) with thymalin may even to reverse damage to the immune system and increase numbers of CD4+ T-cells in patients with HIV[7].

Thymalin is also being investigated as a potential adjuvant to an HIV vaccine as research indicates that it can boost T-cell responses to vaccines and lead to greater protection. This function of thymalin may make it one of the most important vaccine adjuvants ever developed, allowing for vaccines to be administered less often and/or in lower doses using less virulent pathogens[8]. This could make vaccines safer and more effective.

Research in rats that have undergone removal of the thyroid gland indicates that they usually experience a decline in thymic function followed by loss of weight and reductions in cell proliferation. Administration of thymalin appears to reverse these changes or prevent them from occurring in the first place. The net results are improved immune function, reduced risk of infection, and overall better health[9].

Effects of thymalin and epithalamin on immune and endocrine function as well as metabolism.

Effects of thymalin and epithalamin on immune and endocrine function as well as metabolism.
Source: Semantic Scholar

Thymalin Research and Cancer

Research in mice shows that thymalin may be an effective adjuvant to pulsed laser radiation used to treat certain types of cancer. Neodymium lasers are frequently used to treat cancerous and precancerous skin lesions (including melanoma) with moderate to high rates of success[10]. The technique is particularly useful for preventing metastasis[11]. The benefits of pulsed laser therapy may be extended, however, through the simultaneous administration of thymalin, which has been shown to boost numbers of antibody producing cells in the spleen when administered in conjunction with laser therapy[12]. It is thought that this may have a greater suppressive effect on the tumor and help to achieve higher rates of remission or cure.

Thymalin need not be combined with laser therapy to have an effect on cancer, however. Research in rats shows that sub-therapeutic doses of thymalin have significant anti-tumor effects, causing tumor growth arrest in nearly 80% of cases and regression of the tumor in more than half of the animals in the experiment[13].

Thymalin has also shown benefit in the treatment of chronic lympholeukemia when combined with plasmapheresis. In this setting, the peptide/plasmapheresis combination is more effective at producing hematological compensation than standard chemotherapeutic agents. The treatment also improved activity in the lymphoid system[14]. In other words, thymalin hastens the return of the blood system to a state of homeostasis when combined with plasmapheresis and leads to more rapid clinical and blood-based measures of remission[15].

Thymalin and Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a specific inflammatory condition that affects the skin and joints. Combining standard treatments for psoriasis with thymalin has been shown in clinical studies to result in improved laboratory measures of the condition. Importantly, these improvements in laboratory measures of psoriasis activity correlate well with improvement in a patient’s clinical status[16]. This indicates that thymalin has a measurable, observable effect on the status of the disease.

Thymalin Research and Tuberculosis

Research in patients with severe progressive pulmonary tuberculosis were given standard antibiotic therapy or antibiotic therapy plus thymalin. The groups given thymalin showed substantial increases in rates of clinical cure compared to their antibiotic-only counterparts. Even more encouraging was that specifically tailoring the thymalin/antibiotic therapy to the needs of the patient resulted in a nearly 95% cure rate[17]. This is important as tuberculosis is becoming increasingly resistant to standard and even experimental antibiotic regimens that include anywhere from one to four separate antibacterial drugs. Thymalin is particularly effective if given early in the course of the infection[18].

These findings should come as no surprise given that patients with severe tuberculosis show higher depression of cellular immunity as measured by T-cell numbers. Not only are the T-cells less numerous in this population, they are less capable of blast-transformation. When combined with an immunosuppressive disease, like diabetes, the decline in cellular immunity is even more dramatic[19]. Thymalin appears to be able to rescue the immune system in this setting, allowing the body to more effectively fight off infection.

Thymalin Fights Kidney Disease

Research indicates that patients suffering from the inflammatory kidney disease chronic glomerulonephritis may benefit from thymalin administration. In a clinical study of Russia patients, individuals treated with thymalin showed improvements in kidney function and blood indicies of inflammation. They also showed improvements in immunologic measurements of the disease that may lead to an overall decrease in damage to the kidney and thus remission or, at the very least, a delay in the time to dialysis/transplant[20].

Thymalin and Circadian Rhythm Disturbances

Evidence from rats has linked changes in thymic factors to changes in circadian rhythms, which, in turn, have been linked to changes in cellular and humoral immunity. The research suggests that seasonal changes in the day-night cycle alter peak levels of thymus function, resulting in suppression of the immune system. This finding, which includes changes in antibody levels, may indicate why colds and the flu are so much more common during the shorter days of winter. It also may explain why the elderly are more prone to infection as we often experience changes in their circadian rhythm as we age. Administration of thymalin does not reset circadian cycling, but it does correct the immune deficiency associated with changes in sleep-wake cycles[21]. This may make thymalin an effective way of preventing infection, perhaps more effective even than some vaccines, like the flu vaccine.

Thymalin Research and Heart Disease and Atherosclerosis

Heart disease is easier to prevent than it is to treat. Once present, heart disease can only be reversed through extreme dieting and even then the process takes a great deal of time and dedication. Research in rabbits indicates that thymalin may both prevent and reverse heart disease by reducing lipid levels and by directly affecting the lymphocytes responsible for removing plaque from the walls of arteries. Research suggests that thymalin normalizes T-cell suppressor activity and sensitivity to the very things that cause atherosclerosis in the first place, reducing or eliminating the immune dysfunction that leads to plaque formation[22]. In short, thymalin appears to reduce the dysfunction that normally causes the immune system to fail to combat heart disease.

Thymalin Research and Postoperative Risk and Complications

Research out of Russia indicates that thymalin may be an effective means of preventing infection and inflammatory complications following surgery[23]. Besides blood clots, infection is the single largest complication of sugery. Infection, particularly following orthopedic surgery, is a major cause of death in postoperative patients. Anything that reduces the risk of postoperative infection could be a major boon for healthcare, making it possible to operate on patients that might otherwise be deemed too high of a risk and reducing the adverse event rate associated with major surgical procedures.

Thymalin Research and Gum Disease

Periodontitis is an inflammation of the gums and the structures that support the teeth. It can be painful, but is, more importantly, a common cause of tooth loss. Periodontitis is an easy condition to prevent with regular visits to the dentist and proper oral hygiene, but is very difficult to treat once it is established. Research suggests that thymalin can reduce inflammation in this setting and boost the appropriate cellular immune components necessary for combating the bacteria that are the root cause of periodontitis[24].

Thymalin Research and Anorexia

Changes in the circulating levels of thyroid hormones are quite common in the setting of anorexia nervous. This is thought to lead to changes in peripheral lymphocyte levels and to the depression of immune function often seen in this population. Administration of thymalin appears to counteract the immune changes of anorexia nervous and may even help to reverse the thymic atrophy seen in these patients[25]. It is important to note that, because thymalin requires zinc to function, patients with anorexia would require zinc supplementation in addition to thymalin to ensure maximum function. Clinical research is ongoing.

Thymalin and Immune Regulation

Research, so far, has revealed that the major benefits of thymalin are primarily a consequence of the peptide’s impact on cellular immune function. By boosting cellular immunity, particularly the function of T-cells, thymalin helps to restore normal balance to the body in ways that fight infection, reduce cancer progression, ward off heart disease, and reduce levels of inflammation and dysfunction. Though research is ongoing, some clinical uses of thymalin have already been standard therapy for years. There is even hope that thymalin may help to boost the effectiveness of both vaccines and antibiotics, something that cannot come to soon in a world plagued with an ever-growing number of drug-resistant superbugs.

Thymalin exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. Thymalin for sale at Peptide Sciences is limited to educational and scientific research only, not for human consumption. Only buy Thymalin if you are a licensed researcher.

Article Author

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

Scientific Author

Vladimir Khavinson is a Professor, President of the European region of the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Member of the Russian and Ukrainian Academies of Medical Sciences; Main gerontologist of the Health Committee of the Government of Saint Petersburg, Russia; Director of the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology; Vice-president of Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Chair of Gerontology and Geriatrics of the North-Western State Medical University, St-Petersburg; Colonel of medical service (USSR, Russia), retired. Vladimir Khavinson is known for the discovery, experimental and clinical studies of new classes of peptide bioregulators as well as for the development of bioregulating peptide therapy. He is engaged in studying of the role of peptides in regulation of the mechanisms of ageing. His main field of actions is design, pre-clinical and clinical studies of new peptide geroprotectors. A 40-year-long investigation resulted in a multitude of methods of application of peptide bioregulators to slow down the process of ageing and increase human life span. Six peptide-based pharmaceuticals and 64 peptide food supplements have been introduced into clinical practice by V. Khavinson. He is an author of 196 patents (Russian and international) as well as of 775 scientific publications. His major achievements are presented in two books: “Peptides and Ageing” (NEL, 2002) and “Gerontological aspects of genome peptide regulation” (Karger AG, 2005). Vladimir Khavinson introduced scientific specialty "Gerontology and Geriatrics" in the Russian Federation on the governmental level. Academic Council headed by V. Khavinson has oversighted over 200 Ph.D. and Doctorate theses from many different countries.

Prof. Vladimir Khavinson is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of Thymalin. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Peptide Sciences and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide. Prof. Vladimir Khavinson is listed in [1] [2] [20] and [24] under the referenced citations.

Referenced Citations

  1. V. K. Khavinson and V. G. Morozov, “Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life,” Neuro Endocrinol. Lett., vol. 24, no. 3–4, pp. 233–240, Aug. 2003.
  2. V. K. Khavinson and V. G. Morozov, “[Geroprotective effect of thymalin and epithalamin],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 10, pp. 74–84, 2002.
  3. N. S. Lin’kova, V. O. Poliakova, I. M. Kvetnoĭ, A. V. Trofimov, and N. N. Sevost’ianova, “[Characteristics of the pineal gland and thymus relationship in aging],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 38–42, 2011.
  4. J. Bach, M. Bardenne, J. Pleau, and J. Rosa, “Biochemical characterisation of a serum thymic factor,” Nature, vol. 266, no. 5597, pp. 55–57, Mar. 1977.
  5. A. M. Reznichenko, V. P. Fesenko, D. V. Shestopalov, and P. A. Tatarchuk, “[Changes in cell immunity indexes under the influence of thymalin, thyroxine and fibronectin in patients with hyperplastic diseases of thyroid gland before and after the surgery],” Klin. Khir., no. 12, pp. 31–33, Dec. 2001.
  6. H. D. Zhaboiedov, N. H. Bychkova, R. L. Skrypnik, and M. V. Sydorova, “[Evaluation of cellular and humoral immunity and individual sensitivity of T-lymphocytes to immunocorrectors in patients with diabetic retinopathy],” Lik. Sprava, no. 1, pp. 53–56, Feb. 2001.
  7. T. P. Young, “Immune mechanisms in HIV infection,” J. Assoc. Nurses AIDS Care JANAC, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 71–75, Dec. 2003.
  8. E. Montomoli, S. Piccirella, B. Khadang, E. Mennitto, R. Camerini, and A. De Rosa, “Current adjuvants and new perspectives in vaccine formulation,” Expert Rev. Vaccines, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1053–1061, Jul. 2011.
  9. I. I. Hrinevych, H. D. Bendiuh, N. M. Khranovs’ka, I. M. Bilokin’, and O. M. Ostapenko, “[Effect of thyroxin and thymalin on proliferation and apoptosis of thymocytes in rats after thyroidectomy],” Fiziolohichnyi Zhurnal Kiev Ukr. 1994, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 39–43, 2004.
  10. A. P. Kozlov and K. G. Moskalik, “Pulsed laser radiation therapy of skin tumors,” Cancer, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 2172–2178, Nov. 1980.
  11. R. I. Wagner, A. P. Kozlov, and K. G. Moskalik, “Laser radiation therapy of skin melanoma,” Strahlentherapie, vol. 157, no. 10, pp. 670–672, Oct. 1981.
  12. K. G. Moskalik, “[Effect of thymalin and epithalamin on the metastasis of experimental tumors irradiated with pulsed laser radiation],” Vopr. Onkol., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 57–62, 1987.
  13. G. V. Zhukova, A. I. Schikhlyarova, T. A. Barteneva, A. N. Shevchenko, and F. M. Zakharyuta, “Effect of Thymalin on the Tumor and Thymus under Conditions of Activation Therapy In Vivo,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 165, no. 1, pp. 80–83, May 2018.
  14. N. N. Tretiak, T. F. Babenko, S. N. Gaĭdukova, A. S. Zverkova, and S. P. Beschastnaia, “[The efficacy of using thymalin and plasmapheresis in the combined treatment of patients with chronic lympholeukemia],” Lik. Sprava, no. 2, pp. 93–96, Apr. 1998.
  15. T. F. Babenko, V. T. Antonenko, and M. F. SkuratovskiUi, “[Thymalin in the combined treatment of patients with chronic lympholeukemia],” Vrach. Delo, no. 3, pp. 47–49, Mar. 1989.
  16. M. P. Isaeva, G. B. Budazhabon, and B. I. Kuznik, “[The effect of thymalin on indices of immunity and hemostasis in patients with disseminated forms of psoriasis],” Vestn. Dermatol. Venerol., no. 10, pp. 42–43, 1989.
  17. A. A. Maslennikov, V. F. Kamenev, and V. M. Kolomiets, “[Immunological correction in progressive pulmonary tuberculosis],” Probl. Tuberk. Bolezn. Legk., no. 9, pp. 30–33, 2007.
  18. L. A. Ivanova, “[The use of thymalin in the combined chemotherapy of patients with infiltrative destructive pulmonary tuberculosis],” Vrach. Delo, no. 10, pp. 57–59, Oct. 1989.
  19. M. A. Karachunskiĭ, V. I. Gergert, and O. B. Iakovleva, “[Specific features of cellular immunity of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus],” Probl. Tuberk., no. 6, pp. 59–60, 1997.
  20. G. V. Budazhabon, B. I. Kuznik, V. G. Morozov, N. N. Orlova, and V. K. Khavinson, “[Immunogenesis and hemostasis in patients with exacerbated chronic glomerulonephritis treated with thymalin],” Ter. Arkh., vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 62–66, 1984.
  21. I. F. Labunets’, “[Age-related changes in circadian and circannual fluctuations of the immune response and the number of cells in lymphoid organs of animals: a possible connection to thymic factors],” Fiziolohichnyi Zhurnal Kiev Ukr. 1994, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 54–62, 2001.
  22. V. E. Ryzhenkov, R. P. Ogurtsov, V. V. Trubacheva, V. G. Popov, and V. P. Puzyreva, “[Effect of thymalin on the development of experimental hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis],” Vopr. Med. Khim., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 51–56, Feb. 1988.
  23. Z. S. Zhumadilov and R. P. Terekhova, “[Use of thymalin for preventing postoperative suppurative and inflammatory complications],” Klin. Khirurgiia, no. 1, pp. 36–38, Jan. 1985.
  24. B. I. Kuznik, V. K. Khavinson, V. G. Morozova, G. B. Budazhabon, and N. G. Budazhabon, “[Use of thymalin in treating periodontitis patients],” Stomatologiia (Sofiia), vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 20–22, Feb. 1985.
  25. S. Wade et al., “Thymulin (Zn-facteur thymique serique) activity in anorexia nervosa patients,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 275–280, Aug. 1985.

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Except for that individually-identifiable information collected from you in accordance with our Privacy Policy, all comments, remarks, suggestions, ideas or other information communicated will become the exclusive property of www.PeptideSciences.com and you grant to www.PeptideSciences.com a royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, world-wide, non-exclusive license to use or reproduce the same. www.PeptideSciences.com is free to copy, disclose, distribute or analyze any such information for any and all purposes and are in no way obligated to compensate you for any such information.

Disclaimer of Warranties

WWW.PeptideSciences.COM PROVIDES CONTENT ON THIS WEB SITE AS A SERVICE TO YOU, OUR CUSTOMER. THIS WEB SITE CANNOT AND DOES NOT, CONTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT ALL APPLICATIONS FOR PRODUCTS SOLD. IT MAY NOT CONTAIN ALL INFORMATION THAT IS APPLICABLE TO YOUR PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES OR YOUR USE OF PRODUCTS SOLD. THE CONTENT OF THIS WEB SITE, THE WEB SITE SERVER THAT MAKES IT AVAILABLE, AND THE SERVICES AND PRODUCTS WWW.PeptideSciences.COM PROVIDES ON THIS WEB SITE, ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR TECHNICAL FAILURES (INCLUDING HARDWARE OR SOFTWARE FAILURES), INCOMPLETE, SCRAMBLED OR DELAYED COMPUTER TRANSMISSIONS, AND/OR TECHNICAL INACCURACIES, AS WELL AS UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS OF USER TRANSMISSIONS BY THIRD PARTIES. FURTHER, WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT REPRESENT OR WARRANT THAT NO VIRUSES OR OTHER CONTAMINATING OR DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES WILL BE TRANSMITTED, OR THAT NO DAMAGE WILL OCCUR TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM. YOU HAVE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ADEQUATE PROTECTION AND BACKUP OF DATA AND/OR EQUIPMENT AND TO TAKE ALL PRECAUTIONS TO SCAN FOR COMPUTER VIRUSES OR OTHER DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES. BY YOUR USE OF THIS WEB SITE, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT SUCH USE IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK, INCLUDING RESPONSIBILITY FOR ALL COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL NECESSARY SERVICING OR REPAIRS OF ANY EQUIPMENT YOU USE IN CONNECTION WITH THIS WEB SITE.

TO THE FULL EXTENT NOT PRECLUDED BY APPLICABLE LAW WWW.PeptideSciences.COM, THEIR MEDICAL ADVISORS, SUPPLIERS, CONSULTANTS, DIRECTORS AND EMPLOYEES DISCLAIM AND EXCLUDE ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO ALL CONTENT, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY. THIS DISCLAIMER INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT WARRANT THE CONTENT TO BE ACCURATE, COMPLETE OR CURRENT. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THIS WEB SITE WILL OPERATE WITHOUT ERROR, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED OR THAT THIS WEB SITE OR THE WEB SITE SERVER MAKING IT AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS. PRICE AND AVAILABILITY CONTENT, AS WELL AS OTHER CONTENT CONTAINED IN THIS WEB SITE OR ACCESSIBLE THEREFROM, IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.

YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT ENDORSE THE CONTENT OF ANY SITE ACCESSED VIA LINKS OR OTHER MEANS FROM THIS WEB SITE AND IT IS NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE FOR SUCH CONTENT EVEN THOUGH IT MAY BE UNLAWFUL, HARASSING, LIBELOUS, PRIVACY INVADING, ABUSIVE, THREATENING, HARMFUL, OBSCENE, OR OTHERWISE OBJECTIONABLE, OR THAT IT INFRINGES OR MAY INFRINGE THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OR OTHER RIGHTS OF ANOTHER PERSON.

THIS WEB SITE INCLUDES CONTENT PROVIDED BY THIRD PARTIES AND YOU, OUR CUSTOMER. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM IS A DISTRIBUTOR OF SUCH CONTENT AND NOT ITS PUBLISHER. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM’S EDITORIAL CONTROL OF SUCH CONTENT IS THE SAME AS THAT OF A PUBLIC LIBRARY OR NEWSSTAND. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM’S THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS MAY EXPRESS CERTAIN OPINIONS OR PROVIDE CERTAIN INFORMATION AND OFFERS. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM MAKES NO WARRANTIES AS TO THE COMPLETENESS, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, OR RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION OR OFFERS SUPPLIED BY THIRD PARTIES. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT GUARANTEE OR WARRANT THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY THIRD PARTY, INCLUDING ANY SUCH THIRD PARTY’S CONFORMANCE TO ANY LAW, RULE, REGULATION OR POLICY.

WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT WARRANT THAT INFORMATION, SERVICES, AND PRODUCTS CONTAINED IN THIS WEB SITE WILL SATISFY YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THEY ARE ERROR OR DEFECT-FREE. BEFORE USING ANY PRODUCT YOU SHOULD CONFIRM ANY INFORMATION OF IMPORTANCE TO YOU ON THE PRODUCT PACKAGING. YOU ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY, APPROPRIATENESS AND LEGALITY OF ANY INFORMATION YOU SUPPLY WWW.PeptideSciences.COM.

AS PARTIAL CONSIDERATION FOR YOUR ACCESS TO THIS WEB SITE AND USE OF ITS CONTENT, YOU AGREE THAT WWW.PeptideSciences.COM IS NOT LIABLE TO YOU IN ANY MANNER WHATSOEVER FOR DECISIONS YOU MAY MAKE OR YOUR ACTIONS OR NON-ACTIONS IN RELIANCE UPON THE CONTENT. YOU ALSO AGREE THAT THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF WWW.PeptideSciences.COM ARISING FROM OR RELATED TO YOUR USE AND ACCESS REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION OR CLAIM (FOR EXAMPLE, CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, PROFESSIONAL MALPRACTICE, FRAUD, OR OTHER BASES FOR CLAIMS), IS LIMITED TO THE PURCHASE PRICE OF ANY ITEMS YOU PURCHASED FROM WWW.PeptideSciences.COM IN THE APPLICABLE TRANSACTION. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM SHALL NOT IN ANY CASE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES EVEN IF WWW.PeptideSciences.COM HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY THAT APPLIES TO ALL LOSES AND DAMAGES OF ANY KIND. IF YOU ARE DISSATISFIED WITH THIS WEB SITE OR ITS CONTENT (INCLUDING TERMS OF USE), YOUR SOLE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY IS TO DISCONTINUE USING THIS WEB SITE. BECAUSE SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SUCH LIMITATION MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE TO YOU.

Your Agreement to Abide by All Applicable Laws

By using this Web Site you agree to comply with any and all local, state, or federal laws, statutes, and regulations that relate in any manner to the use of this Web Site and the associated services or products contained thereon.

Relationship between www.PeptideSciences.com and Users.

www.PeptideSciences.com and users of our Site are independent contractors, and no agency, partnership, employment or other relationship is created or is intended to be created by the use of our Web Site.

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

This Web Site (excluding linked sites, if any) is administered and controlled by www.PeptideSciences.com and its affiliates, subsidiaries, officers, directors, employees or agents from its offices in the accordance with the laws of Nevis. You agree that this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and this Web Site will be governed by and construed in accordance Nevis law without giving effect to any principles of conflicts of laws. You access this Web Site and/or associated services of www.PeptideSciences.com at your own risk, and remain responsible for complying with the laws of the jurisdiction within which you are located.

Prices; Payment Terms; Interest

The prices for the products and services on this Web Site are quoted, for convenience, in United States dollars and shall be as set forth in this Web Site as at the time of acceptance of an order by www.PeptideSciences.com. Prices for Products shall be subject to change without any further notice. Credit terms are within www.PeptideSciences.com's sole discretion, and unless otherwise specified in www.PeptideSciences.com's invoice, payment must be received by www.PeptideSciences.com prior to www.PeptideSciences.com's acceptance of an order.

Consequences

www.PeptideSciences.com reserves the right to suspend or terminate your account if you violate the Terms of Use Agreement. If your violation causes harm to others, you agree to indemnify and hold www.PeptideSciences.com harmless from and against any and all loss, damage, or expense. If any dispute arises between us regarding this Agreement or your use of this Web Site, it shall be resolved through good faith negotiations between the parties.

Entire Agreement

These Terms and Conditions and any terms incorporated or referred to herein constitute the entire agreement between www.PeptideSciences.com and you relating to your use of this Web Site and the subject matter hereof, and supersede any prior understandings or agreements (whether electronic, oral or written) regarding the subject matter, and may not be amended or modified except in writing, or by www.PeptideSciences.com making such amendments or modifications in accordance with this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement.

Severability

If any part of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement is deemed or determined to be unenforceable, then such part shall be eliminated or limited to the minimum extent necessary. The remainder of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement, including any revised portion, shall remain and be in full force and effect. This Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement are the entire agreement between us governing your use of this Web Site.

Headings

The headings contained in this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and the www.PeptideSciences.com Privacy Policy are for reference only.

Force Majeure

www.PeptideSciences.com shall not be liable for any delay or failure in performance caused by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, delays due to backorders of requested products, mail delays, customs delays or lost shipments. www.PeptideSciences.com shall not be responsible to notify the Customer in the event of such delays. The Customer shall be solely responsible to make other arrangements to purchase alternative products and any costs incurred in connection with such purchases.

Thank you again for visiting the www.PeptideSciences.com Web Site.

Complete Agreement

Except as expressly provided in a particular "legal notice" on this Site, these Terms and Conditions constitute the entire agreement between you and this Site with respect to the use of this Site, and Content. By clicking “I agree” when placing your order, you agree with ALL OF OUR TERMS and CONDITIONS as stated above as well as our Shipping and refunds Policy.

Thank you for your cooperation.