UWI
03
ASK THE PSYCHOLOGIST
MONA CAMPUS JAMAICA, WEST INDIES
TRAUMA Dr. Jhodi-Ann Bowie Dean is a psychologist and lecturer in the Department of Sociology, Psychology, and Social Work at the University of the West Indies, Mona. She received her Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology from Georgia State University in Atlanta, GA, and her Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Clemson University in South Carolina. Dr. Bowie Dean also works in private practice and is trained in the treatment and assessment of psychological conditions through the use of psychotherapy and other rigorous assessment techniques. For over 12 years, she works with clients struggling with a wide range of difficulties, including depression, anxiety, adjustment challenges, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. She believes that the therapeutic process is successful only when adequate work is done between both the therapist and the client, focusing on the innate strengths and resources of the client.
MANAGING TRAUMA IN THE RESUMPTION OF FACE TO FACE
Q: Dr. Bowie Dean, you are an expert in the area of trauma. Can you tell us about some of the main reasons why you have decided to focus on this areas in your practice? Early on in my mental health training, I had the opportunity to work with women and children who had been abused. I became more passionate about learning about trauma treatment and subsequently decided to specialize in this area. It was important to me to develop the skills necessary to provide the best level of emotional and psychological support for these victims/survivors. Over the years, it has become apparent that there is a great deal of misinformation about the psychological impact of trauma. This makes me even more passionate about providing quality scientifically informed care to my clients. Q: I have heard of many types of traumas; can you give us a simple definition of trauma? How can people tell if they have experienced trauma? A traumatic experience is one in which an individual or a loved one becomes seriously physically, psychologically, and or emotionally hurt or injured. We can also say that a traumatic event has occurred if there is a perception of imminent threat or danger, even if there is no physical harm or injury. Common types of trauma include but are not limited to, the sudden death of a loved one, domestic violence, sexual assault, physical assault, serious accidents, community violence, and natural disasters.
Q: We have been impacted by the pandemic, for over two years now. How are the challenges affecting us mentally and emotionally? The pandemic has been incredibly stressful for humans all over the world. For some, the pandemic itself has spawned other traumatic events, since millions of individuals worldwide have become seriously ill or died as a result of the COVID-19 disease. Others have been left terrified of the potential effects of the disease on themselves and their loved ones. Many persons have experienced burnout, feelings of depression, social anxiety, generalised anxiety, and even post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of this difficult time. While studies on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are still emerging, it is safe to say that most individuals have suffered mentally to some degree over the last two years.
Q: There are some individuals who have experienced the direct effects of trauma in their homes during the pandemic, others may have indirectly. Can you offer us with some advice on how to might pick up the pieces to begin a healing journey? The effects of trauma can be difficult to deal with. However, each individual deals with trauma in his or her own way. Some initially shut down and become emotionally numb, while some experience deep pain. These reactions, as well as others, are not uncommon within the first few months following a traumatic experience. Within these months, it is important to dedicate time to talk or write about your thoughts and feelings surrounding the experience. This is critical since it facilitates the processing of the trauma, which later on may help us to make meaning or get to a place of acceptance about the experience. Processing our trauma also helps us to express our emotions in ways that are behaviourally healthy.
Suppressing the experience can lead to a variety of distressing emotional and behavioural responses. If you are still experiencing significant emotional distress or impairment in your day-to-day functioning after several months, it is prudent to seek out the services of a professional psychotherapist. It is critical to remember that trauma recovery begins with safety and stabilisation. The process of healing can be difficult if an individual’s daily experiences still feel chaotic or unsafe.
Q: Now that we are resuming face to face, are there any helpful tips on how someone who has experienced trauma can reintegrate in the academic setting? Understanding how your trauma has impacted your psychological and behavioural functioning is very important. This helps us to understand our own limits and boundaries. We can then communicate this to others where necessary, and ensure that we do not operate outside of those boundaries unnecessarily. Identify any potential triggers and establish strategies for coping in the event that you encounter any of these triggers. Keep in mind that these strategies for managing difficult emotions tend to work best when they are practiced repeatedly, even in the absence of the trigger. For instance, if one has established deep breathing techniques or muscle relaxation in response to emotional stressors, these strategies will work faster and be more effective if they are routinely incorporated throughout the day. Finally, please note that the university offers counselling services for students who may struggle to recover from a traumatic experience. The contact information for the Health Centre is provided below: UWI HEALTH CENTRE www.mona.uwi.edu/healthcentre/ (876) 927 2520 | 970 0017 healthcr@uwimona.edu.jm