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FORMULAS AND CHARTS FOR IMPEDANCES OF SURFACE AND EMBEDDED FOUNDATIONS   Abstract A complete set of algebraic formulas and dimensionless charts is presented for readily computing the dynamic stiffnesses (K) and damping coefficients (C) of foundations harmonically oscillating on/in a homogeneous half‐space. All possible modes of vibration, a realistic range of Poisson's ratios, and a practic ...

A longitudinal investigation of the Drive for Muscularity Scale: Predicting use of performance enhancing substances and weightlifting  among males Abstract The present study was designed to examine the predictive validity of the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS; McCreary & Sasse, 2000). The drive for muscularity scale (DMS) is comprised of two subscales: a muscularity-oriented body ima ...

Cardiac responses to exercise in competitive child cyclists Abstract PURPOSE: Cardiovascular responses to exercise in highly trained child endurance athletes have not been well-defined. This study compared hemodynamic responses with progressive cycle exercise in seven competitive child cyclists (mean age 11.9 yr) compared with 39 age-matched untrained boys. METHODS: Doppler echocardiography and g ...

Overview of the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Leptin With Special Emphasis on its Role in the Kidney Abstract The adipocyte product leptin is a pleiotropic adipokine and hormone, with a role extending beyond appetite suppression and increased energy expenditure. This review summarizes the biology of the leptin system and the roles of its different receptors in a multitude of cellular function ...

Nutrition for the sprinter Abstract The primary roles for nutrition in sprints are for recovery from training and competition and influencing training adaptations. Sprint success is determined largely by the power-to-mass ratio, so sprinters aim to increase muscle mass and power. However, extra mass that does not increase power may be detrimental. Energy and protein intake are important for inc ...

Review on leptin and adiponectin responses and adaptations to acute and chronic exercise Abstract Leptin and adiponectin represent two newly discovered adipose tissue derived hormones; that are both associated with health status and glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. Moreover, acute and chronic exercises affect body composition, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is thus interesting ...

Effect of capsaicin on substrate oxidation and weight maintenance after modest body-weight loss in human subjects Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether capsaicin assists weight maintenance by limiting weight regain after weight loss of 5 to 10 %. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, ninety-one moderately overweight subjects were randomly assigned to ...

Effects of capsinoid ingestion on energy expenditure and lipid oxidation at rest and during exercise Abstract BACKGROUND: The thermogenic and metabolic properties of capsinoids appear to mimic those of the more pungent sister compound capsaicin. However, few data exist on how capsinoid ingestion affects energy expenditure in humans and no data exist on its interaction with exercise. We aimed to d ...

Obesity and thermogenesis related to the consumption of caffeine, ephedrine, capsaicin, and green tea   Abstract The global prevalence of obesity has increased considerably in the last decade. Tools for obesity management, including caffeine, ephedrine, capsaicin, and green tea have been proposed as strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance, since they may increase energy expen ...

Endurance Training and Aerobic Fitness in Young People   Abstract Training-induced adaptations in aerobic fitness have been extensively studied in adults, and some exercise scientists have recommended similar training programmes for young people. However, the subject of the response to aerobic training of children and adolescents is controversial. The effects of exercise training on prepube ...

The Effects of Different Resistance Training Protocols on Muscular  Strength and Endurance Development in Children Abstract BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that children can increase their muscular strength and muscular endurance as a result of regular participation in a progressive resistance training program. However, the most effective exercise prescription regarding the number of ...

The food and weight combat. A problematic fight for the elite combat sports athlete Abstract Weight reduction in athletes is motivated by optimisation of performance, aesthetic reasons or to achieve a pre-designated weight. Previous research has shown that dietary restraint and short term weight regulation frequently takes place among combat sports athletes such as wrestlers and judokas. The ai ...

Weight loss methods of high school wrestlers   ABSTRACT PURPOSE:  The purpose of this investigation was to assess the weight loss practices of Michigan high school wrestlers at all levels of competition. METHODS: A two-page survey was designed to assess weight loss behaviors of high school wrestlers. It was mailed by the Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) midway throug ...

Cardiovascular Disease and Functional Foods: The Effect of Milk Derived Peptides on Hypertension Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses many conditions including coronary heart disease, heart attack (myocardial infarction), stroke and hypertension. In 2003, CVD accounted for 16.7 million premature deaths worldwide (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2003), ...

Short-term effects of dietary fat on intramyocellular lipid in sprinters and endurance runners Abstract The effect of short-term fat loading on intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) in different types of muscle in endurance runners and sprinters has not been fully elucidated yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary lipid on IMCL in soleus muscle (SOL) and tibialis ante ...